If the "heart" of the emergency light is a battery, then the board must be its "brain." Each emergency light is equipped with a small circuit board that controls its various functions. The China Emergency Light Manufacturers states:

  
Keep the battery fully charged.

  
Convert the building’s AC power to DC power, power the lamp and charge the battery.

  
When the building is powered off, switch the device to emergency battery power.

  
The processes involved are not very complicated, but they must always work correctly. If any component fails, the emergency light will be worthless. Regular maintenance will ensure that the board continues to operate as designed.

  
Insurance battery charging

  
All batteries discharge themselves over time, and the board is counteracted by sporadic trickle charging. This slow charging allows the battery to run at full capacity and extend its shelf life.

  
Convert AC to DC

  
There are currently no AC batteries, but there are bulbs available with AC (Alternating Current) and DC (DC) options. The alternating current in the building is converted to direct current by a half-wave bridge rectifier on the board, which is the easiest way to convert alternating current to direct current. This allows the positive waveform to pass through the DC circuit of the device without any problems.

  
Switch from AC power to battery power

  
In the event of a building power failure, the emergency light circuit will automatically switch to the backup battery power. This switching takes a few seconds and is regulated by an electrolytic capacitor and a resistor that acts as a timer. This delay offsets any flicker caused by a sudden voltage level drop due to sudden activation of the appliance on the same circuit (eg, air conditioning). If the emergency light switches immediately, the capacitor may be damaged.

  
Replace the emergency light board

  
The board in the emergency light should last for 10 - 15 years. Electrolyte capacitors are usually the first to fail because the internal electrolyte will gradually dry out and heat will exacerbate the process. If the emergency light fails during maintenance or an actual emergency, use a multimeter to test the lamp and battery. If they prove to be satisfactory, the board should be replaced.

  
Replacing a board is simple and does not require a static-free environment like a computer circuit. Simply open the case, remove the attached wires and unscrew the board.

  
Each bulb type, battery model and voltage has a unique board. It is important to replace the waste board with the same board provided by the same manufacturer or at least the company’s approved replacement circuit.

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